Glossary · 51 terms

Plain-English definitions for the second half of life.

Every term in eldercare carries jargon, marketing, and acronyms. We strip those off and tell you what it actually means — and what they're not telling you.

30-Day Readmission

When a discharged patient returns to the hospital within 30 days.

Definition

ADLs (Activities of Daily Living)

The basic self-care tasks: bathing, dressing, toileting, transferring, continence, and eating.

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Adult Day Services

Structured daytime programs — meals, social activities, sometimes medical oversight — for adults who can't be home alone.

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Advance Directive

A written document spelling out your healthcare wishes if you can't speak for yourself.

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Agency vs Private-Hire Caregiver

Two ways to bring a paid aide into a home: through a licensed agency, or as a direct employee.

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ALFA / Argentum

Argentum (formerly ALFA) is the trade association for assisted-living operators.

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Area Agency on Aging (AAA)

A federally-mandated regional agency that connects older adults to services in their county.

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Assisted Living

A care setting for adults who need help with daily living — bathing, dressing, medication, meals — but not round-the-clock medical attention.

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CAPS (Certified Aging-in-Place Specialist)

A National Association of Home Builders certification for contractors trained in universal design and aging-in-place modifications.

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CCRC (Continuing Care Retirement Community)

A campus that sells you all three levels of care — independent living, assisted living, and skilled nursing — bundled into one entry contract.

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CMS 5-Star Rating

The federal rating system for every Medicare-certified nursing home, on three components: health inspection, staffing, quality measures.

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CNA (Certified Nursing Assistant)

The frontline workers in nursing homes and assisted living — bathing, transferring, feeding, vitals.

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Discharge Planner

The hospital staff member who arranges the patient's next setting after discharge.

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DNR (Do Not Resuscitate)

A medical order instructing healthcare providers not to perform CPR if your heart stops.

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Dual-Eligible (Dually Enrolled)

A person eligible for both Medicare and Medicaid.

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Durable Power of Attorney (DPOA)

Legal authority for someone to act on your behalf for financial or healthcare decisions.

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Elder Law Attorney (NAELA)

A lawyer specializing in Medicaid planning, asset protection, and incapacity planning for older adults.

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Fall Risk

The likelihood that a person will fall — and a clinically meaningful predictor of decline.

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FMLA (Family and Medical Leave Act)

Federal law giving eligible employees up to 12 weeks of unpaid, job-protected leave to care for a family member.

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Guardianship / Conservatorship

A court-appointed role giving someone legal authority over an adult deemed unable to make decisions.

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HCBS Waiver

Home- and Community-Based Services Medicaid waivers — they pay for home care and adult day services as alternatives to nursing-home placement.

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HIPAA Release

Written permission allowing a healthcare provider to share your medical information with someone else.

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Home Care (Personal Care / In-Home Aide)

Non-medical help at home — bathing, meals, errands, companionship.

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Home Health Care

Skilled medical services delivered at home — nursing visits, physical therapy, wound care.

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Home Modifications (Universal Design)

Changes to a home that make it safer and more navigable for someone aging in place.

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Hospice

Comfort-focused care for someone with a terminal diagnosis and a life expectancy of six months or less.

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IADLs (Instrumental Activities of Daily Living)

The next-level tasks: managing meds, cooking, shopping, money, transportation, phone, housework.

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Independent Living

An apartment or cottage in a community for older adults, with no medical care included.

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Informal Caregiver

A family member or friend providing unpaid care.

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Life Plan Community

The marketing rebrand of CCRC.

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Long-Term Care Insurance

Private insurance that pays for assisted living, nursing-home, or home care under specific trigger conditions.

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Medicaid

Joint federal-state health program for low-income Americans.

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Medicaid Look-Back Period

The five-year window before a Medicaid application during which any asset transfers are scrutinized.

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Medicare

Federal health insurance for people 65+ and certain younger people with disabilities.

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Medicare Advantage (Part C)

A bundled Medicare alternative offered by private insurers, often with extra benefits.

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Medicare Part D

Prescription drug coverage under Medicare.

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Medigap (Medicare Supplement)

Private insurance that pays the deductibles and coinsurance Original Medicare leaves behind.

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Memory Care

A locked-unit setting designed for adults with Alzheimer's, dementia, or other cognitive decline.

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Nursing Home (Skilled Nursing Facility)

A licensed facility providing 24-hour skilled medical care plus help with daily living.

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Palliative Care

Specialized symptom and pain management for someone with a serious illness — at any stage, with or without curative treatment.

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Palmelle Clarity Score

Palmelle's 0-100 facility ranking, computed from federal CMS and state inspection data.

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PDPM (Patient-Driven Payment Model)

How Medicare pays nursing homes for skilled-nursing services as of 2019.

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POLST / MOLST

Physician Orders for Life-Sustaining Treatment — a portable medical order covering CPR, intubation, antibiotics, and feeding tubes.

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Respite Care

Short-term care that gives the regular caregiver a break.

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RN-to-Resident Ratio

How many residents one registered nurse covers per shift.

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Skilled Nursing Facility (SNF)

Same building as a nursing home, but the term emphasizes the medical-care function over the residential one.

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Special Focus Facility (SFF)

A nursing home flagged by CMS as having a sustained pattern of serious deficiencies, requiring twice-as-frequent inspections.

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Subacute Rehab

Short-term, intensive therapy in a skilled-nursing setting after a hospital stay.

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Sundowning

Late-afternoon and evening agitation in people with dementia.

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Transition of Care

The handoff between settings — hospital to SNF, SNF to home, home to assisted living.

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Type A / B / C CCRC Contracts

The three structures by which CCRCs charge for higher levels of care: Type A (life-care, mostly prepaid), Type B (modified, partial discount), Type C (fee-for-service, you pay market rate when you transition).

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